Which of the following processes are spontaneous, and which are nonspontaneous? (2023)

What are the example of spontaneous and Nonspontaneous process?

A process that is spontaneous in one direction under a particular set of conditions is nonspontaneous in the reverse direction. At room temperature and typical atmospheric pressure, for example, ice will spontaneously melt, but water will not spontaneously freeze.

The process in option b (Boiling of water) is a non sponteneous process as it requires energy in the form of heat.

Evaporation of water (c) is a spontaneous process as it does not require any external source of energy, it occurs sponteneously (though very slow) at room temperature.

Natural processes, such as a banana ripening or a lightening strike are spontaneous in the direction they occur and nonspontaneous in the opposite direction. By definition they are irreversible; they do not occur by reversible pathways.

Some examples of non-spontaneous process are:

Flow of water from sea to the river. Flow of heat from a cold body to a hotter body. Evaporation of water in winter. Melting of ice at zero temperature i.e. at a temperature below 0°C.

A non-spontaneous reaction requires an external agent like heat or light or energy of some sort to make the reaction start. For example, photosynthesis. A plant absorbs water and carbon dioxide. But for it to get converted, sunlight is required.

A spontaneous reaction is a reaction that favors the formation of products at the conditions under which the reaction is occurring. A roaring bonfire (see figure below) is an example of a spontaneous reaction.

A spontaneous process occurs without ongoing outside intervention (such as the performance of work by some external force). For example, when you drop a book in a gravitational field, the book spontaneously drops to the floor.

What is a spontaneous process? a process that proceeds on its own without any external influence or input of energy.

Freezing of water at room temperature is non - spontaneous process.

Is evaporation of water spontaneous or Nonspontaneous?

Evaporation is a spontaneous process. Q. Which of the following processes is a non-spontaneous process?

Exothermic reactions are always spontaneous. Endothermic reactions are never spontaneous. Endothermic reactions are never spontaneous. A reaction that leads to an increase in the entropy of the system is always spontaneous.

When water changes from a solid to a liquid (melting), or from a liquid to a gas (vaporization), the change in entropy is also positive. Below the melting point, the changes in enthalpy and entropy combine to produce a positive change in free energy for melting, so melting is nonspontaneous (unfavorable).

If ΔH is negative and ΔS is positive, the reaction is spontaneous at all temperatures because the change in Gibbs free energy is always negative. Contrastingly, if ΔH is positive and ΔS is negative, the reaction is nonspontaneous at all temperatures as written.

As ice melts, the intermolecular forces are broken (requires energy), but the order is interrupted (so entropy increases). Water is more random than ice, so ice spontaneously melts at room temperature.

Solution : When `DeltaH=+ve` and `DeltaS=-ve` reaction is non-spontaneous.

For a reaction to be non-spontaneous it must be endothermic, accompanied by a decrease in entropy.

A spontaneous event (or reaction) is a change that occurs under a specific set of conditions. A ball rolling down a hill, the water falling down in a waterfall, and the dispersion of the smell of a perfume when sprayed in a room (expansion of a gas), are all spontaneous events.

spontaneity Add to list Share. Acting with spontaneity might mean bursting into song on the street, or throwing down your rake and jumping in a pile of leaves — in other words, doing something without thinking it through beforehand.

Photosynthesis is not a spontaneous reaction, as indicated by the ΔH of the reaction, which is positive and means that energy input is required for the reaction.

What are some spontaneous activities?

spontaneous reactions. occur in nature under a given set of conditions. occur when the products possess a lower energy (enthalpy) and a more random, distorted state (entropy) enthalpy (ΔH) most spontaneous reactions are exothermic.

A spontaneous process is a process which occurs without any external input to the system. This process occurs on its own, without any energy used from the outside. Because spontaneous processes are characterized by a decrease in the system's free energy. So, all natural processes are spontaneous.

<p>True</p> <p>False</p> Q. What is a spontaneous process ? process that does not need external intervention to occur.

An example of an irreversible process is a spontaneous chemical reaction, or electrochemical reaction.

A spontaneous process is one that, once started, continues on its own without input of energy. A non-spontaneous process needs a continual input of energy.

Since Suniv<0, melting is nonspontaneous (not spontaneous) at −10.0 °C. Since Suniv>0, melting of ice is spontaneous at 10.00 °C.

(e) A raindrop falling to the ground is nonspontaneous. (f) Iron rusting in a moist atmosphere is spontaneous.

Rusting iron is a slow process. But it is a spontaneous process. This is because the rusting of iron occurs on its own. There is no need for external aid for the rusting of iron to occur.

Condensation of water vapor yields work and hence is thermodynamically spontaneous only in a supersaturated atmosphere; in an unsaturated atmosphere it costs work and hence is thermodynamically nonspontaneous.

Is boiling water spontaneous or not?

We can all appreciate that water does not spontaneously boil at room temperature; instead we must heat it. Because we must add heat, boiling water is a process that chemists call endothermic.

Therefore, flow of heat from a cold body to a hot body is a non-spontaneous process as it requires external work as per Clausius.

Which chemical reaction is always spontaneous? A reaction which is exothermic (ΔH negative) and results in an increase in the entropy of the system (ΔS positive) will always be spontaneous.

For reaction to be spontaneous, ΔG should be negative, this works if ΔH is negative and ΔS is positive.

Process which does not takes place itself or on its own but with the help of external aid under the given condition is called non-spontaneous process. Example: Flow of heat energy from lower to higher temperatures.

water exists in liquid state naturally at standard state 25∘c=298k. Hence freezing of H2O at 298k is non-spontaneous as ice will absorb heat from surroundings thereby gets converted to the liquid state as it is a natural process of is irreversible.

Hint:Spontaneous reactions are those chemical or biological reactions that take place without the influence of external factors. Non- Spontaneous reactions are those chemical reactions that require an energy input to proceed or that cannot take place without the influence of external factors.

Typical spontaneous attitudinal questions are: 'What, if anything, do you like about.? '

Core examples of spontaneous order include language, the common law, and the outcomes of evolution.

Is melting ice spontaneous or Nonspontaneous?

As ice melts, the intermolecular forces are broken (requires energy), but the order is interrupted (so entropy increases). Water is more random than ice, so ice spontaneously melts at room temperature.

If the salt is an insoluble one, i.e. AgCl, the dissolution process is non-spontaneous because the insoluble salt is more stable than the dissociated ions. On the other hand, for soluble salts, i.e. NaCl, the dissolution process is spontaneous because the salt can readily dissociate into component ions.

For a reaction to be non-spontaneous it must be endothermic, accompanied by a decrease in entropy.

Spontaneous things are natural or instinctive, and they happen without warning. If you plan to go to a movie and then you go, that's not a spontaneous thing. Ditching the movie at the last minute to go to the park? That's spontaneous.